There is often some confusion regarding the differences between line editing, copyediting, and proofreading. Whilst there is some overlapping, this page aims to clarify the differences in the crafts. 

Line editing

Line editing deals with written content a single line at a time. This discipline deals specifically with how effectively the language is being used. The editor will study text closely for issues with style and meaning, and this will involve:

• examining word choice, phrasing, structure, expression and coherence
• editing text to provide overall clarity, sense and flow.

Copyediting

This is more a more mechanical process and involves carefully reading copy before it gets to its final form in order to fix any issues with grammar, spelling, consistency, logic and accuracy. This process will include the following:

• checking spelling, punctuation and grammar
• cross-checking tables of contents, chapter and page numbers
• verifying timelines and consistency with actions.

All editors will ask questions and make suggestions; they may also rewrite.

Proofreading

Proofreading is the final stage in the process before a piece of work is completed. Although in some areas it overlaps with editing, proofreading is a technical procedure. The goal is specifically not to edit, but to methodically check that the typesetting perfectly matches the final version of the edited copy, or that the final round of amendments was done correctly and no new errors were introduced. This will entail:

• correcting all spelling mistakes
• ensuring that all punctuation is appropriate and editing as necessary
• amending grammar and formatting issues.